LIGHT THERAPY AT A GLANCE

Light is energy in the form of radiation.Therapeutic photo energy utilizes wavelengths that are found in the infrared region.Infrared wavelengths are longer than visible red waves and shorter than microwaves. They are considered therapeutic because they are absorbed by components in tissue and blood cells and stimulate normal cell activity.

The photon is the energy packet of the light wave and the catalyst for increased cell activity.Laser light is monochromatic, or light of one wavelength.Laser light is coherent, meaning that the photons, or energy packets, in the light beam move in an organized wave formation.Laser light is collimated, meaning that the light does not spread into a wider and wider beam as it moves farther away from the source.Power output has a great influence on the effectiveness of photon therapy.

Too little power will create no effect and too much power can cause a disruption in cell function -­ even cell death.Power is a function of the pulse width (number of nanoseconds the pulse is on) and frequency (number of pulses per second).Molecules are said to be wavelength specific because they absorb only the energy that matches the energy needed by the electrons they contain.

Principles of insurance

A large number of homogeneous exposure units. The vast majority of insurance policies are provided for individual members of very large classes. Automobile insurance, for example, covered about 175 million automobiles in the United States in 2004.[2] The existence of a large number of homogeneous exposure units allows insurers to benefit from the so-called “law of large numbers,” which in effect states that as the number of exposure units increases, the actual results are increasingly likely to become close to expected results.

There are exceptions to this criterion. Lloyd's of London is famous for insuring the life or health of actors, actresses and sports figures. Satellite Launch insurance covers events that are infrequent. Large commercial property policies may insure exceptional properties for which there are no ‘homogeneous’ exposure units. Despite failing on this criterion, many exposures like these are generally considered to be insurable. Definite Loss. The event that gives rise to the loss that is subject to the insured, at least in principle, take place at a known time

, in a known place, and from a known cause. The classic example is death of an insured person on a life insurance policy. Fire, automobile accidents, and worker injuries may all easily meet this criterion. Other types of losses may only be definite in theory. Occupational disease, for instance, may involve prolonged exposure to injurious conditions where no specific time, place or cause is identifiable. Ideally, the time, place and cause of a loss should be clear enough that a reasonable person, with sufficient information, could objectively verify all three elements.

Accidental Loss. The event that constitutes the trigger of a claim should be fortuitous, or at least outside the control of the beneficiary of the insurance. The loss should be ‘pure,’ in the sense that it results from an event for which there is only the opportunity for cost. Events that contain speculative elements, such as ordinary business risks, are generally not considered insurable. Large Loss. The size of the loss must be meaningful from the perspective of the insured.

Insurance premiums need to cover both the expected cost of losses, plus the cost of issuing and administering the policy, adjusting losses, and supplying the capital needed to reasonably assure that the insurer will be able to pay claims. For small losses these latter costs may be several times the size of the expected cost of losses. There is little point in paying such costs unless the protection offered has real value to a buyer.

Dental insurance

Dental insurance may be less effective than dental plans, but it is usually offered free.Don't wait until you already have problems with your teeth to get dental insurance! Instead, you should get dental insurance as soon as you can. One reason for this involves the things that can go wrong with your teeth - and the other reason is that usually this insurance will also cover the costs of bi-yearly check ups to make sure that your teeth are still strong and healthy.

Dental insurance is slightly different than most dental plans since you will have to get it through your employer. Dental insurance is not usually offered to individuals, and is instead offered to major companies. If you are offered this insurance through your employer, then you should take it since it will be either free or very cheap, and is definitely worth it if you can get it.That being said, there are some disadvantages to dental insurance, one of which being that it is not generally available to regular people unless they can get it through their employers. The other disadvantages are that generally this insurance will not cover all types of dental work, and it also usually has a spending limit per year.

Therefore, if you do not already have dental insurance through your job, then you should look for a different type of dental plan.Most people who cannot afford dental insurance get involved with dental plans, some of which are quite cheap. These plans also tend to cover part of your dental costs, instead of all of them. Therefore, these plans are less like insurance and more as though you are just getting a discount on your dental work.Finally, another thing to consider is that if you have dental insurance from your employer and you're looking for something to cover everything else, a discount dental plan may help. Some people find that it is best to have both plans just in case.

In any case, dental insurance is a great deal if you can get it for free through your employer, thought it is not a very good purchase to make on your own. Also, before buying any dental insurance, make sure that you find out how much and what is covered by the plan.About the author: Jakob Jelling is the founder of http://www.cashbazar.com. Visit his website for the latest on personal finance, debt elimination, budgeting, credit cards and real estate.